Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contributors Introduction: Board Certification, Christopher Leonardi, MD Chapter 1: Stroke Richard D. Zorowitz, MD, Edgardo Baerga, MD, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Talya Fleming, MD, and Stacey Jou, MD Introduction Basic Neuroanatomical Review of the Major Vessels Involved in Stroke Types of Stroke Diagnostic Studies Medical Treatment Stroke Rehabilitation Chapter 2: Traumatic Brain Injury Elie Elovic, MD, Edgardo Baerga, MD, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Christine Greiss, DO, Matthew Moore, DO, and Yi (Dan) Zhou, MD Introduction Pathophysiology of TBI Disorders of Consciousness Posturing Secondary to Head Injury Prognosis After TBI: An Evidence-Based Approach Medical Management of TBI Surgical Management in TBI Medical and Neurologic Complications After TBI Mild TBI (Concussion) and Postconcussive Syndrome CNS Conditions Secondary to HIV Chapter 3: Rheumatology Thomas R. Nucatola, MD, Eric D. Freeman, DO, Leslie Bagay, MD, David P. Brown, DO, Seema Malkana, DO, Faraz Jamal, DO, and Jaclyn Joki, MD Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (Formerly Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis) Juvenile Spondyloarthropathies Crystal-Induced Synovitis Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies Other Rheumatoid Diseases Vasculitides Sjoegren's Syndrome Infectious Arthritides Deposition/Storage Disease-Related Arthritides Other Systemic Diseases With Arthritis Charcot Joint (Neuropathic Arthropathy) Atraumatic Arthritis Fibromyalgia Syndrome Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Tendon Disorders Chapter 4: Musculoskeletal Medicine Upper Extremities - David P. Brown, DO, Eric D. Freeman, DO, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Sagar Parikh, MD, Laurent Delavaux, MD, Ian B. Maitin, MD, MBA, Alexander Shustorovich, MD, and Michael Chung, MD Lower Extremities - David P. Brown, DO, Eric D. Freeman, DO, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Sagar Parikh, MD, Laurent Delavaux, MD, Ian B. Maitin, MD, MBA, Craig Van Dien, MD, and Michael Galibov, DO Spine - Ted L. Freeman, DO, and Eric D. Freeman, DO Upper Extremities: The Shoulder Region Shoulder Disorders Upper Extremities: The Elbow Region Elbow Disorders Upper Extremities: The Wrist Region Wrist Disorders Upper Extremities: The Hand Region Hand Disorders Lower Extremities: The Hip and Pelvis Hip Disorders Lower Extremities: The Knee Knee Disorders Lower Extremities: The Lower Leg Disorders of the Lower Leg Lower Extremity: The Ankle and Foot Disorders of the Ankle Medial Ankle Disorders Foot Disorders Toe Disorders: Hammer Toe, Claw Toe, and Mallet Toe Joint Injections and Aspirations Spine Rehabilitation Disc Disorders Bone Disorders of the Spine Joint Disorders of the Spine Soft Tissue Disorders of the Spine Infections of the Spine Interventional Spinal Procedures Chapter 5: Electrodiagnostic Medicine and Clinical Neuromuscular Physiology Ted L. Freeman, DO, Ernest W. Johnson, MD1, Eric D. Freeman, DO, David P. Brown, DO, and Lei Lin, MD, PhD Introduction Basic Peripheral Nervous System Anatomy Pathophysiology Clinical Instrumentation Nerve Conduction Studies Somatosensory Evoked Potentials Basic Needle EMG Radiculopathy Plexopathies Upper Limb Mononeuropathies Lower Limb Mononeuropathy Peripheral Polyneuropathy Neuromuscular Junction Disorders Myopathies Motor Neuron Disease Weakness: Differential Diagnosis Chapter 6: Prosthetics and Orthotics Heikki Uustal, MD, Edgardo Baerga, MD, Jaclyn Joki, MD, Leslie Bagay, MD, and Yi (Dan) Zhou, MD Gait Analysis Amputation and Prosthetics Assistive Devices Shoes and Lower Limb Orthoses Orthotics Lower Extremity Orthoses for Pressure Redistribution Upper Limb Orthoses Spinal Orthoses Chapter 7: Spinal Cord Injuries Steven Kirshblum, MD, Jeremiah Nieves, MD, Priscila Gonzalez, MD, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Jennifer Chui, MD, and Phillip Gordon, MD Epidemiology Anatomy of the Spine Spinal Pathology SCI Classification Medical Complications of SCI Pain in the SCI Patient Pressure Injuries Chapter 8: Physical Modalities, Therapeutic Exercise, Extended Bedrest, and Aging Effects Thomas E. Strax, MD, Priscila Gonzalez, MD, Steven V. Escaldi, DO, James Yun, MD, and Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD Physical Modalities Therapeutic Exercise Effects of Extended Bedrest: Immobilization and Inactivity Evaluation of Functional Independence Physiologic Effects of Aging Chapter 9: Pulmonary, Cardiac, and Cancer Rehabilitation Pulmonary Rehabilitation - Priscila Gonzalez, MD, Nicholas G. Melillo, MD, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Jonathan Quevedo, MD, Lisa Casale, MD, Steven Markos, MD,and Phillip Gordon, MD Cardiac Rehabilitation - Iqbal Jafri, MD, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Talya Fleming, MD, Stacey Jou, MD, and Steven Markos, MD Cancer Rehabilitation - Priscila Gonzalez, MD, Leslie Bagay, MD, Ofure Luke, MD, Anna Maria Dunn, MD, Lisa Luciano, DO, Eric Heckelmann, MD. and Richard M. Schuman, MD Pulmonary Rehabilitation Cardiac Rehabilitation Cancer Rehabilitation Chapter 10: Pediatric Rehabilitation Roger Rossi, DO, Michael Alexander, MD, Michelle Sirak, MD, Jessica Ace, MD, and Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD Genetics and Chromosomal Abnormalities Development and Growth Pediatric Limb Deficiencies Diseases of the Bones and Joints Connective Tissue and Joint Disease Pediatric Burns Pediatric Cancers Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury Cerebral Palsy Spina Bifida Neuromuscular Diseases in Children Chapter 11: Pain Medicine Jing Liang, MD, Joseph Lee, MD, Sagar Parikh, MD, Laurent Delavaux, MD, Alexander Shustorovich, DO, and Michael Chung, MD Introduction Pharmacology Pain Syndromes Pain Intervention Chapter 12: Associated Topics in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Spasticity - Elie Elovic, MD, Edgardo Baerga, MD, Steven V. Escaldi, DO, and Kristen A. Harris, MD Movement Disorders - Elie Elovic, MD, Edgardo Baerga, MD, Roger Rossi, DO, Steven Markos, MD, and Jessie Chan, MD Wheelchairs - Steven Kirshblum, MD, Mary T. Shea, MA, OTR, ATP, and Beverly Hon, MD Osteoporosis - Barbara Hoffer, DO, Sara J. Cuccurullo, MD, Krishna J. Urs, MD, Casey Schoenlank, MD, and Eric Heckelmann, MD Burns - Alan W. Young, DO, Jonathan Quevedo, MD, Shirley Shen, MD, and Kristen A. Harris, MD Biostatistics - Joseph Lee, MD, Bart K. Holland, PhD, Heather Platt, MD, and Hayk Petrosyan, PhD Ethics - Lyn Weiss, MD Multiple Sclerosis - David S. Rosenblum, MD Ultrasound - Steven V. Escaldi, DO, Craig Van Dien, MD, and Sagar Parikh, MD Spasticity Movement Disorders Wheelchairs Osteoporosis Rehabilitation of Burn Injuries Biostatistics Basic Principles of Clinical Ethics Multiple Sclerosis Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Epilogue, Thomas E. Strax, MD Index