Description
FOREWORD by Faith Gibson
INTRODUCTION
- Overview of the Handbook
- The Therapeutic Listener
BACKGROUND
- The Beginning: Marjory’s Story
- Erikson’s Model
- Butler’s Observations About Reminiscence and Life Review
- The Growth of Life Review
- The Structure Life Review Process
PART I. FUNDAMENTALS OF STRUCTURED LIFE REVIEW
THE STRUCTURED LIFE REVIEW PROCESS
- Goals of Life Review
- The Life Review Form (LRF)
- LRF Questions
- Questions and Reviewers
- Questions and Structure for the Life Review
- Questions and Erikson’s Life Stages
- Schedule
- Flexibility
- Weekly Visits
- The Process
- Unique Characteristics of the Life Review Process
- Structure
- Duration
- Individuality
- Evaluation
- Additional Considerations About Life Review
- Hard Work
- Self
- Repetition
- Power and Control
- Supervision
- Confidentiality
- Audiotaping
- Life Reviews with Relatives
THE PARTICIPANTS
- Therapeutic Listener
- Interviewing Techniques
- Counseling Skills
- Life Reviewers
- Types of Reviewers
- Conclusion
PART II. CONDUCTING THE STRUCTURE LIFE REVIEW
VISIT I: GETTING STARTED
- Visit 1: Listener Guidelines
- Meeting the Prospective Life Reviewer
- Full Disclosure
- Written Agreement
- Audiotaping
- Business Cards
- Tests and Measures
- Assessing the Environment
- Privacy
- Light
- Noise Level
- Temperature
- Seating Arrangement
- Assessing the Life Reviewer
- Patterns and Habits
- Functional Abilities
- Medications
- Speech
- Hearing
- Vision
- Chronic Illness
- Reviewer File
- Next Visit
VISIT 2: CHILDHOOD
- Visit 2: Listener Guidelines
- Preliminary Tasks
- Personal Issues for the Life Reviewer
- Erikson’s Model: Childhood
- Trust
- Autonomy
- Mistrust and Shame
- Using the Life Review Form
- Beginning the Process
- First Question
- Order of Memories
- Responsive Comments
- Counseling Skill: Acceptance
- Interviewing Techniques
- Attentive Behavior
- Repetition
- Reframing
- Reviewer Types
- Storyteller
- Reluctant Reviewer
- End Visit 2
- Summarize Session
- Next Visit
VISIT 3: ADOLESCENCE
- Visit 3: Listener Guidelines
- Preliminary Tasks
- Clarify Visit 2
- Erikson’s Model: Childhood and Young Adolescence
- Initiative and Industry
- Guilt and Inferiority
- Using the Life Review Form
- Questions About Adolescence
- Probing Questions
- Questions About School
- Questions About Feelings
- Counseling Skill: Caring
- Interviewing Techniques
- Responding
- Reflecting Feelings
- Unique Life Review Characteristic: Structure
- Reviewer Type: The External Reviewer
- End Visit 3
- Summarize Session
- Next Visit
VISIT 4: YOUNG ADULTHOOD
- Visit 4: Listener Guidelines
- Preliminary Tasks
- Pivotal Session for Reviewer
- Clarify Visit 3
- Closure on Childhood
- Unfinished Business
- Erikson’s Model: Adolescence to Young Adulthood
- Identity vs. Role Confusion
- Intimacy vs. Isolation
- Using the Life Review Form
- Customize Questions
- Examine Past Decisions
- Clearer Adult Memories
- Counseling Skill: Unconditional Positive Regard
- Interviewing Techniques
- Sharing Behavior
- Paraphrasing
- Unique Life Review Characteristic: Duration
- Reviewer Type: The Creative Reviewer
- End Visit 4
- Summarize Session
- Next Visit
VISIT 5: OLDER ADULTHOOD
- Visit 5: Listener Guidelines
- Preliminary Tasks
- Clarify Visit 4
- Erikson’s Model: Older Adulthood
- Generativity vs. Stagnation
- Using the Life Review Form
- Work and Family
- Relationships
- Outside Interests
- Forgotten Memories
- Counseling Skill: Empathy
- Interviewing Techniques
- Self-Disclosure
- Encouragement to Talk
- Unique Life Review Characteristic: Individuality
- Reviewer Type: The Denying Reviewer
- End Visit 5
- Summarize Session
- Next Visit
VISIT 6: SUMMARY AND EVALUATION
- Visit 6: Listener Guidelines
- Preliminary Tasks
- Clarify Visit 5
- Erikson’s Model: Oldest Adulthood
- Acceptance
- Denial
- Using the Life Review Form
- Flexibility
- Gaining Insight
- Repetition
- Self-Examination
- Revisiting Key Events
- Counseling Skill: Congruence
- Interviewing Technique: Summarizing
- Unique Life Review Characteristic: Evaluation
- Reviewer Type: The Bleeding Reviewer
- End Visit 6
- Summarize Session
- Next Visit
VISIT 7: INTEGRATION
- Visit 7: Listener Guidelines
- Preliminary Tasks
- Clarify Visit 6
- Erikson’s Model: Oldest Adulthood
- Integrity
- Despair
- Using the Life Review Form
- Encourage Understanding
- Review Significant Successes Again
- Reframe Difficult Times Again
- Establish a Future Emphasis
- Counseling Skills: Review All Interviewing Techniques
- Integrating
- Review of Techniques
- Unique Life Review Characteristics: Consider All Four Together
- Review Type: Recognize Your Reviewer’s Type
- End Visit 7
- Summarize Session
- Consider Referrals
- Next Visit
VIST 8: CLOSURE AND OUTCOMES
- Visit 8: Listener Guidelines
- Professional Referrals
- Contact Information
- Thank You Note and Other Cards
- Assessment and Findings
- Tested Outcomes
- Reviewer Feedback
- Observed Outcomes
- Summary
PART III. USES AND OUTCOMES OF THE STRUCTURED LIFE REVIEW
VARIED USES FOR THE STRUCTURED LIFE REVIEW
- Newly Relocated
- Depression Prevention
- Substance Abuse Recovery
- Dying
- Bereavement
- Dementia
- Dementia Caregivers
- People with Dementia
- Other Potential Reviewers
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
REFERENCES
APPENDIXES
- Appendix A: Checklist for the Life Review Process
- Appendix B: Life Review Form (LRF)
- Appendix C: Sample Agreement
- Appendix D: Baseline Assessment of Reviewer
- Appendix E: Test of Physical Function
- Appendix F: Test of Psychosocial Function (Mood Scale)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
INDEX
Barbara K. Haight, Dr.P.H., is Professor Emeritus at the College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina. Now retired, Barbara conducted 8 research projects over 25 years developing the structured life review process and supervised numerous students and colleagues in the practice of life review. She was the first president of the International Life Review and Reminiscing Society and has conducted hands-on life review projects in the United States, England, Japan, and most recently Northern Ireland. She is co-editor of two books on reminiscing and life review, plus one on group process, and is widely published in the field of life review and gerontology.
Barbara is a fellow emeritus in the Gerontological Society of America where she founded and conducted a special interest group on reminiscence. She is also a Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing, and in the Florence Nightingale Society.
Barrett S. Haight, J.D., retired as a Colonel from the U.S. Army after serving 23 years in a variety of positions throughout the world. Subsequently, he served as Director of Estate Planning for The Citadel Development Foundation (Charleston, SC) for 17 years. Throughout both periods, he taught undergraduate courses in health care law at the Medical University of South Carolina. COL Haight has authored articles for the Dickinson Law Review and the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. Additionally, he edited Focus, the newsletter of The Citadel Development Foundation. In his second retirement, he co-authored an article on reminiscence for the Encyclopedia of Gerontology and served as editor for many health care submissions.